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Mitigation Alternatives to Decrease Nitrous Oxides Emissions and Urea-Nitrogen Loss and Their Effect on Methane Flux

USDA/ARS, P.O. Box E, Ft. Collins, CO 80522.

^* Corresponding author (jdelgado{at}lamar.colostate.edu).

ABSTRACT

Nitrous oxide (N₂O) and methane (CH₄) are greenhouse gases that are contributing to global warming potential. Nitrogen (N) fertilizer is one of the most important sources of anthropogenic N₂O emissions. A field study was conducted to compare N-use efficiency and effect on N₂O and CH₄ flux, of urea, urea plus the nitrification inhibitor dicyandiamide (U + DCD), and a control release fertilizer, polyolefin coated urea (POCU) in irrigated spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) in northeastern Colorado. Each treatment received 90 kg urea-N ha^–1 and microplots labeled with ¹⁵N-fertilizer were established. Average N₂O emissions were 4.5, 5.2, 6.9, and 8.2 g N ha^–1 d^–1 for control, U + DCD, POCU, and urea, respectively. During the initial 21 d after fertilization, N₂O emissions were reduced by 82 and 71% in the U + DCD and POCU treatments, respectively, but continued release of N fertilizer from POCU maintained higher N₂O emissions through the remainder of the growing season. No treatment effect on CH₄ oxidation in soils was observed. Fertilizer ¹⁵N found 50 to 110 cm below the soil surface was lower in the POCU and U + DCD treatments. At harvest, recovery of ¹⁵N-fertilizer in the plant-soil system was 98, 90, and 85% from POCU, urea, and U + DCD, respectively. Grain yield was 2.2, 2.5, and 2.7 Mg ha^–1 for POCU, urea, and U + DCD, respectively. Dicyandiamide and POCU showed the potential to be used as mitigation alternatives to decrease N₂O emissions from N fertilizer and movement of N out of the root zone, but N release from POCU does need to be formulated to better match crop growth demands.

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