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Nitrous Oxide and Carbon Dioxide Fluxes from a Bare Soil Using a Micrometeorological Approach

Department of Land Resource Science, Univ. of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada N1G 2W1.

^* Corresponding author (criddle{at}lrs.uoguelph.ca).

ABSTRACT

Increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO₂) and nitrous oxide (N₂O) levels have prompted research on management of the soil C and N pools. The impact of C and N fertilizer addition on N₂O and CO₂ field emissions is not clear. We determined N₂O and CO₂ fluxes from a 1-ha bare soil plot using micrometeorological methods with the objective of evaluating the effect of management practices (cultivation, irrigation, fertilizer, and sucrose applications) on the relative importance of both trace gases. Research was conducted at the Elora Research Station (Typic Hapludalf) in Ontario, Canada, over 7 mo. The N₂O concentration gradients were measured using a Tunable Diode Laser Trace Gas Analyzer and the CO₂ gradients using an Infra-Red Gas Analyzer. The transport coefficients were calculated using a Bowen Ratio Energy Balance and two wind profile approaches. These three approaches resulted in similar hourly fluxes. Daily N₂O fluxes for nonevent periods were 12 ng m^–2 s^–1 in 1991, and 2 ng m^–2 s^–1 in the summer of 1992, while CO₂ fluxes before treatments in 1991 were 0.18 mg m^–2 s^–1. Sucrose addition (420 kg C ha^–1) resulted in the highest N₂O and CO₂ daily emissions measured during the experiment at 3100 ng m^–2 s^–1 and 0.5 mg m^–2 s^–1, respectively. Peak emissions of 250 ng N₂O m^–2 s^–1 were measured after wetting of dry soil (WFP < 0.4) through irrigation in 1991, and rain in 1992. Application of ammonium sulfate (100 kg N ha^–1) and irrigation increased N₂O emissions to 75 ng m^–2 s^–1, with a smaller effect caused by two subsequent irrigations on wet soil (WFP > 0.6). Carbon dioxide fluxes varied between 0.01 and 0.5 mg m^–2 s^–1 being the predominant gas contributing to an equivalent CO₂ global-warming potential, but addition of sucrose increased the contribution of N₂O to twice the contribution of CO₂. The combined effect of C and N additions (e.g. manure and legume) on the N₂O emissions in irrigated or high rainfall areas should be considered in the efforts of atmospheric C sequestering.

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