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Influence of Controlled Drainage-Subirrigation on Surface and Tile Drainage Nitrate Loss

Harrow Research Centre, Agriculture & Agri-Food Canada, Harrow, ON, Canada N0R 1G0.

^* Corresponding author (druryc{at}em.agr.ca).

ABSTRACT

Controlled drainage-subirrigation (CDS), conservation tillage, and corn (Zea mays L.) production practices were evaluated as methods of reducing NO^–₃ loss through tile drainage. Controlled drainage-subirrigation was used to manage water from precipitation and subirrigation. Samples of tile drainage (5801) and surface runoff (3274) water were collected with autosamplers during each runoff event over a 3-yr period. Annual tile drainage volumes were reduced 24% with CDS compared with the drainage (DR) treatments. Flow weighted mean NO^–₃ concentration of tile drainage water was reduced 25% from 10.6 mg N L^–1 for the DR treatments to 7.9 mg N L^–1 for the CDS treatments. The average annual NO^–₃ loss was reduced 43% from 25.8 kg N ha^–1 for the DR treatment to 14.6 kg N ha^–1 for the CDS treatments. Eighty-eight to 95% of the NO^–3 losses from all treatments occurred in the noncrop period (1 Nov.–31 Apr.). Conservation tillage in combination with CDS reduced annual NO^–₃ losses 49% (11.6 kg N ha^–1) when compared with the conventional moldboard plow tillage and DR treatment. Annual NO^–₃ loss through surface runoff was increased to 1.9 kg N ha^–1 with the CDS treatments compared with 1.4 kg N ha^–1 with the DR treatment, this loss was minor compared with losses incurred through tile drainage. Controlled drainage-subirrigation is a technological advancement in soil and water management as it enables farmers to minimize the effect of dry summers on crop growth and reduce NO^–₃ contamination of drainage water.

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