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Trace and Toxic Metals in Wetlands—A Review

Wetland Biogeochemistry Institute, Center for Coastal, Energy, and Environmental Resources, Louisiana State Univ., Baton Rouge, LA 70803.

^* Corresponding author (cowgamlsuvm.sncc.lsu.edu).

ABSTRACT

The mobility and plant availability of many trace and toxic metals in wetland soils is often substantially different from upland soils. Oxidation-reduction (redox) and associated pH changes that occur in soils as a result of flooding or drainage can affect the retention and release of metals by clay minerals, organic matter, iron oxides, and, for coastal wetlands, sulfides. Except where a flooded soil or sediment becomes strongly acid upon drainage and oxidation, as sometimes occurs, the processes immobilizing metals tend to be complimentary such that large-scale metal releases from contaminated soils and sediments do not occur with changing redox conditions. Metals tend to be retained more strongly in wetland soils compared with upland soils.

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