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Changes of Soil Nitrate-Nitrogen and Denitrification as Affected by Nitrogen Fertilizer on Two Quebec Soils

Centre for Land and Biological Resources Research, Agriculture Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1A 0C6;

A. F. MacKenzie

Dep. of Natural Resource Science, Macdonald Campus of McGill Univ., 21 111 Lakeshore Road, Ste. Anne de Bellevue, PQ, Canada H9X 3V9.

^* Corresponding author.

ABSTRACT

Corn (Zea mays L.) production may result in NO^–₃-N accumulation in soils because of high N fertilizer applications. Nitrate-N in soil may be lost by denitrification and leaching. Prediction of the amount lost would be helpful in minimizing these losses. Field experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of N fertilizer rates on soil NO^–₃-N under corn on two soils of contrasting texture from 1988 to 1991 in southwestern Quebec. Denitrification as affected by previous N fertilizer rates was estimated for the nongrowing season of 1990–1991. Soil NO^–₃-N levels in the fall increased linearly with increasing N fertilizer rates above the normal N rate both on clay and sandy clay loam soils. However, NO^–₃-N could have been leached out of the rooting zone on the coarser Chicot soil (fine-loamy, mixed, frigid Typic Hapludalf) in the late growing season, depending on rainfall. The changes in soil NO^–₃-N over winter were a function of both soil NO^–₃-N levels the previous fall and over-winter precipitation. Denitrification losses varied from 7 to 24 kg ha^–1 during the nongrowing season, increasing with N fertilizer rates only on the Ste. Rosalie clay soil (fine, mixed, frigid Typic Humaquept). In comparison with total NO^–₃-N disappearance over the same period, losses of NO^–₃-N due to denitrification were relatively small. Thus, significant portions of NO^–₃-N losses were probably due to leaching both on clay and sandy clay loam soils.

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