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USDA-ARS, National Agric. Water Quality Lab., P.O. Box 1430, Durant, OK 74702-1430;
CADSWES, Univ. of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309-0421;
Wisconsin Dep. of Nat. Resources, Madison, WI 53707;
Dep. of Plant Science, Univ. of Delaware, Newark, DE 19717-1303;
Dep. of Agronomy, Univ. of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701;
Soil Science Dep., Univ. of Florida, Gaineseville, FL 32611.
* Corresponding author (!ao31cdurant).
ABSTRACT
The accelerated eutrophication of most freshwaters is limited by P inputs. Nonpoint sources of P in agricultural runoff now contribute a greater portion of freshwater inputs, due to easier identification and recent control of point sources. Although P management is an integral part of profitable agrisystems, continued inputs of fertilizer and manure P in excess of crop requirements have led to a build-up of soil P levels, which are of environmental rather than agronomic concern, particularly in areas of intensive crop and livestock production. Thus, the main issues facing the establishment of economically and environmentally sound P management systems are the identification of soil P levels that are of environmental concern; targeting specific controls for different water quality objectives within watersheds; and balancing economic with environmental values. In developing effective options, we have brought together agricultural and limnological expertise to prioritize watershed management practices and remedial strategies to mitigate nonpoint-source impacts of agricultural P. Options include runoff and erosion control and P-source management, based on eutrophic rather than agronomic considerations. Current soil test P methods may screen soils on which the aquatic bioavailability of P should be estimated. Landowner options to more efficiently utilize manure P include basing application rates on soil vulnerability to P loss in runoff, manure analysis, and programs encouraging manure movement to a greater hectareage. Targeting source areas may be achieved by use of indices to rank soil vulnerability to P loss in runoff and lake sensitivity to P inputs.
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P. D. Gessel, N. C. Hansen, J. F. Moncrief, and M. A. Schmitt Rate of Fall-Applied Liquid Swine Manure: Effects on Runoff Transport of Sediment and Phosphorus J. Environ. Qual., September 1, 2004; 33(5): 1839 - 1844. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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M. A. Beck, L. W. Zelazny, W. L. Daniels, and G. L. Mullins Using the Mehlich-1 Extract to Estimate Soil Phosphorus Saturation for Environmental Risk Assessment Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., September 1, 2004; 68(5): 1762 - 1771. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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Z. Zhang, Y. Zhu, P. Guo, and G. Liu Potential Loss of Phosphorus from a Rice Field in Taihu Lake Basin J. Environ. Qual., July 1, 2004; 33(4): 1403 - 1412. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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C. J. Penn, G. L. Mullins, L. W. Zelazny, J. G. Warren, and J. M. McGrath Surface Runoff Losses of Phosphorus from Virginia Soils Amended with Turkey Manure Using Phytase and High Available Phosphorus Corn Diets J. Environ. Qual., July 1, 2004; 33(4): 1431 - 1439. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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I. C. Daverede, A. N. Kravchenko, R. G. Hoeft, E. D. Nafziger, D. G. Bullock, J. J. Warren, and L. C. Gonzini Phosphorus Runoff from Incorporated and Surface-Applied Liquid Swine Manure and Phosphorus Fertilizer J. Environ. Qual., July 1, 2004; 33(4): 1535 - 1544. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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G. F. Koopmans, W. J. Chardon, P. A. I. Ehlert, J. Dolfing, R. A. A. Suurs, O. Oenema, and W. H. van Riemsdijk Phosphorus Availability for Plant Uptake in a Phosphorus-Enriched Noncalcareous Sandy Soil J. Environ. Qual., May 1, 2004; 33(3): 965 - 975. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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J. A. Lory, R. E. Massey, J. M. Zulovich, J. A. Hoehne, A. M. Schmidt, M. S. Carlson, and C. D. Fulhage Feasibility and Costs of Phosphorus Application Limits on 39 U.S. Swine Operations J. Environ. Qual., May 1, 2004; 33(3): 1114 - 1123. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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S. K. White, J. E. Brummer, W. C. Leininger, G. W. Frasier, R. M. Waskom, and T. A. Bauder Irrigated Mountain Meadow Fertilizer Application Timing Effects on Overland Flow Water Quality J. Environ. Qual., September 1, 2003; 32(5): 1802 - 1808. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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