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Fertilizer Management Effects on Leaching of Labeled Nitrogen for No-Till Corn in Field Lysimeters

Department of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering, Iowa State Univ., Ames, IA 50011,

D. R. Timmons

USDA-ARS National Soil Tilth Laboratory, Ames, IA 50011.

^* Corresponding author.

ABSTRACT

The fate of labeled N fertilizer applied to no-till corn (Zea mays L.) grown in nonweighing lysimeters was determined for 3 yr after application to evaluate NO₃-N leaching losses from point-injection and conventional N management systems. In 1984, ¹⁵N-enriched double-labeled urea-ammonium nitrate solution (UAN) at 200 kg N ha^–1 was either surface-banded or knifed-in at the VI growth state. It was also point-injected at either 200 or 125 kg N ha^–1 in split applications at the V1, V5, and V9 growth stages. Labeled N as NO₃-N was detected in drainage from the bottom of the lysimeters (1.37 m deep) with the first significant rain (54 mm) 7 d after application for all treatments. Greatest labeled NO₃-N concentrations, however, occurred with drainage in the fall after harvest and in the spring of 1985, the year after application. In 1985, when unlabeled N was applied using the same four systems, average labeled NO₃-N concentrations and annual losses were the greatest and ranged from 1.0 to 5.1 mg L^–1 and from 1.7 to 6.8 kg ha^–1, respectively; the ratio of labeled NO₃-N to total NO₃-N ranged from 0.08 to 0.25. Labeled NO₃-N concentrations, losses, and ratios were smallest for the 125 kg ha^–1 point injected-split system for each of 3 yr. For all systems, about one-fourth of the applied labeled N remained in the soil profile at the end of the study. Total recovery (77%) and recovery in grain (48% in 1984) were also greatest for the 125 kg ha^–1 point-injected system and least for the surface-banded system (64 and 30%, respectively). Unrecovered N was believed lost through denitrification and ammonia volatilization from soil or aboveground vegetation.

Joint Contribution Journal Paper no. J-15169 of the Iowa Agric. and Home Economics Exp. Stn., project no. 2445, and the USDA-ARS National Soil Tilth Laboratory.

Received for publication December 14, 1992.

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