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Volatilization of Fonofos, Chlorpyrifos, and Atrazine from Conventional and No-Till Surface Soils in the Field

USDA-ARS, NRI, ECL, Bldg. 001, Rm. 221 BARC-West, 10300 Baltimore Ave., Beltsville, MD 20705-2350;

A. W. Taylor

Maryland Agric. Exp. Stn., Symons Hall, Univ. of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742.

^* Corresponding author.

ABSTRACT

We measured the effect of no-till on pesticide volatilization in a side-by-side comparison of volatilization rates from no-till (NT) and conventionally tilled (CT) fields. Volatilization rates were determined using the theoretical profile shape method for 10 of the 26 d following application. Soil and mulch residues were also measured. Volatilization losses of fonofos (O-ethyl S-phenyl ethylphosphonodithioate) and chlorpyrifos [O,O-diethyl O-(3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridyl) phosphorothioate] from the NT field were two to four times volatilization losses from the CT field. As much as one-half of the application volatilized during 26 d. Volatilization of atrazine [6-chloro-N-ethyl-N'-(1-methylethyl)- 1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine] was also greater from NT, but only 1 to 2% of the application volatilized. Maximum volatilization rates were usually measured at midday, indicating that volatilization was not limited by soil dryness. Over the 26 d of the experiment, volatilization decreased faster than pesticide residue was depleted, suggesting residues were becoming more strongly sorbed to soil and/or mulch, or were becoming less accessible to the surface.

J.M. Whang current address, E.I. DuPont De Nemours and Co., Wilmington, DE 19880-0304.

Received for publication February 5, 1992.

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