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The Effects of Establishment Methods and Fertilization Practices on Nitrate Leaching from Turfgrass

Dep. of Agronomy, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210.

^* Corresponding author.

ABSTRACT

A lysimeter study was conducted at the Ohio State University Turfgrass Research Center, Columbus, to investigate NO₃-N leaching losses from fertilized turfgrass. Nitrogen fertilizer treatments were applied to ‘Baron’ Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.) seeded and sodded turf established on a Miamian silt loam (fine, mixed, mesic Typic Hapludalf). Treatments included two N sources, urea and resin-coated urea (RCU); and Two fertilization programs, one that emphasize spring and summer applications (SSF) and the second program that included a late season application (LSF). Both the SSF- and LSF-fertilization programs received 218.2 kg N ha^–1 yr^–1. The NO₃-N leachate concentrations from seeded turfgrass exceeded those from sodded turf for the first 3 mon. As the turf matured, NO₃-N losses from sod exceeded NO₃-N from the seeded plots. Leachate concentrations were 1.1 and 3.5 mg NO₃-N L^–1 for seed and sod turf, respectively, from April 1990 through March 1991. Less rooting in the sodded plots resulted in greater N loss. Annual NO₃-N losses were not affected by N source. During the winter of 1991, significantly (P = 0.05) higher percolate NO₃-N concentrations were recorded from urea-treated plots (3.66 mg NO₃-N L^–1) vs. RCU (2.10 mg NO₃-N L^–1), however. Similarly, N programs did not result in annual differences in percolate concentration, but differed during the winter of 1991. Concentrations were 3.37 and 2.39 mg NO₃-N L^–1 for LSF and SSF, respectively. The NO₃-N leaching losses from all treatments exceeded the maximum concentration limit (MCL) early in the study. These high concentrations were caused by soil disturbance during establishment. During the 2nd yr, NO₃-N leaching results were more representative of typical turfgrass situations with mean annual flow-weighted NO₃-N concentrations well below the MCL. Different N sources and fertilizer programs did not result in greater NO₃-N percolate losses compared to unfertilized turfgrass plots.

Salaries and research support provided by State and Federal funds appropriated to the Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center. Journal no. 228-92.

Research supported by the Ohio Turfgrass Foundation and Grace-Sierra Company.

Received for publication January 31, 1992.

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