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Aluminum in Soil Solutions from a Subalpine Spruce-Fir Forest at Whiteface Mountain, New York

Dep. of Earth Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755;

T.G. Huntington

Water Resources Div., U.S. Geological Survey, Doraville, GA 30360;

A.H. Johnson

Dep. of Geology, Univ. of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104;

A.J. Friedland

Environmental Studies Program, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NJ 03755.

^* Corresponding author.

ABSTRACT

Direct or indirect Al toxicity has been suggested as a principal factor in forest tree declines. We monitored ambient soil solutions in undisturbed and experimentally manipulated soils from a fir [Abies balsamea (L.) Mill.]-spruce forest on Whiteface Mountain, NY, in order to characterize soil solution Al concentrations over a range of acid anion loadings. Under both natural and experimental conditions total Al and labile Al concentrations rarely exceeded values (180–250 µmol L^–1) associated with reduced root growth in red spruce (Picea rubens Sarg.). Over a 2-yr period ambient soil solutions averaged 76 and 46 µmol L^–1 total Al in the organic and mineral horizons, respectively. The highest monthly mean concentrations occurred in winter. Disturbance-induced NO₃ accumulation and simulated acid rain applications produced higher peak Al values in experimental plots than were observed in undisturbed and untreated plots. Although soils of the fir-spruce zone exhibited the potential to yield solutions with phytotoxic Al concentrations, it appears that such concentrations are both spatially and temporally limited and infrequently present a direct stress to root growth in red spruce.

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