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Vegetative Filter Treatment of Dairy Barnyard Runoff in Cold Regions

Vermont Dep. of Health, 60 Main St., Burlington, VT 05401

J. C. Clausen^*

College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Univ. of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269

^* Corresponding author.

ABSTRACT

A vegetative filter strip was installed to treat barnyard runoff from an active dairy farm in Vermont. Runoff from a concrete surfaced barnyard flowed through a detention pond, then onto a vegetative filter strip measuring 22.9 m by 7.6 m with a 2% slope. The water input and surface and subsurface outputs for the strip were continuously monitored from December 1984 through May 1986. Of the total barnyard runoff entering the strip, 65% left as surface runoff and 27% was measured as subsurface outflow. The average hydraulic loading rate was 14.7 cm wk^–1 and the average overland flow detention time was 15 min. The filter strip did not significantly (P < 0.05) reduce solids, P, N and bacteria concentrations in the surface output. Over the period of study the mass retention was 33% total suspended solids, 12% total P and 18% total Kjeldahl N. Mass retention was highest during the growing season and was poorest during snowmelt periods. It was concluded that poor filter strip performance was due to an excessive hydraulic loading rate resulting in an inadequate detention time for proper treatment. A preferential flow path from the level lip spreader to the subsurface drain tiles may have contributed to the poor subsurface treatment performance.

Joint contribution from the School of Natural Resources, Univ. of Vermont and the Storrs Agric. Exp. Stn., Scientific Contribution no. 1421.

Funding provided by USDA-SCS.

Received for publication June 25, 1990.

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