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Influence of Fertilizer, Irrigation, and Non-Growing Season Precipitation on Soil Nitrate-Nitrogen under Corn

Dep. of Renewable Resources, Macdonald College of McGill Univ., 21111 Lakeshore Road, Ste Anne de Bellevue, PQ, Canada H9X 1C0;
Agrocentre, Ste Pie de Bagot, PQ.

^* Corresponding author.

ABSTRACT

Corn (Zea mays L.) production requires large amounts of N fertilizer, which may be lost due to leaching or denitrification. Prediction of the amount lost would be helpful in minimizing these losses. A field experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of fertilization, irrigation, and non-growing season precipitation on soil NO₃-N under corn in southwestern Quebec from 1984 to 1987. The high rate of fertilization (400 kg N ha^–1, 300 kg P₂₅ ha^–1, 400 kg K₂O ha^–1) over the normal rate (170 kg N ha^–1, 100 kg P₂₅ ha^–1, 170 kg K₂O ha^–1) significantly increased soil NO₃-N during the growing season, and a residual effect of fertilizer rate on soil NO₃-N levels was noted in 2 of 3 yr during the non-growing season. The high rate of fertilization, however, did not increase NO₃-N accumulation in the soil profile over the normal rate of fertilization in successive years. Irrigation significantly decreased soil NO₃-N during the growing season. At the normal rate of fertilization, gains of soil NO₃-N over winter were found with lower winter precipitation. At the high rate of fertilization, however, losses of soil NO₃-N over winter occurred in 2 of the 3 yr. The changes in NO₃-N in the rooting zone over winter depended upon the precipitation received during the preceding winter and the amount of NO₃-N in the soil the previous fall.

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