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Nitrogen and Phosphorus Composition of Surface Runoff as Affected by Tillage Method¹

ABSTRACT

The effect of tillage methods on the N and P composition in runoff water and runoff sediment from corn (Zea mays L.) plots was studied on Bedford silt loam soil by applying simulated rainstorms. Five tillage-planting systems were compared: coulter-plant, till-plant, chisel-plant, disk and coulter-plant, and conventional-plant. The coulter and chisel systems controlled soil loss, but runoff water contained high levels of soluble N and P from surface-applied fertilizer. The disk and till systems were less effective in controlling soil erosion, but had lower concentrations of soluble N and P in runoff water. Conventional tillage, in which fertilizers were plowed under, had the highest losses of soil and water but small losses of soluble N and P. However, high percentages of the total nutrients removed by runoff were components of the sediment from all treatments.

Key Words: pollution • sediment

¹ Contribution from the ARS, USDA, in cooperation with the Purdue Agr. Exp. Sta., Lafayette, Ind. 47907. Purdue Journal Series Paper no. 4749.

² Soil Scientist and Assistant Professor of Agronomy, Assistant Professor of Agronomy, and Associate Professor of Agronomy, respectively.

Received for publication July 7, 1972.

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