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Chlorinated Hydrocarbon Insecticide Residues in Crops and Soil¹

ABSTRACT

A series of small Congaree sandy loam field plots at Beltsville, Maryland, were treated with 0, 56 or 112, and 224 kg/ha of aldrin, dieldrin, isodrin, endrin, heptachlor, chlordane, BHC, toxaphene, or Dilan in 1951. Sixteen years later the parent compounds were still detectable with mean total residues of 29 (pure aldrin), 35 (technical aldrin), 23, 16, 39, 10, 9, 7, 49, and 15%, respectively, remaining. Aldrin, isodrin, and heptachlor had oxidized primarily to their epoxide.

Soybeans (Glycine max L., Merr.), corn (Zea mays L.), oats (Avena sativa L.), and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) were grown consecutively in the plots beginning 15 years after treatment. Soybean seeds contained dieldrin, endrin, heptachlor epoxide, and alpha and gamma BHC; endrin transformation products, which include endrin aldehyde, endrin alcohol, and endrin ketone; and a gamma BHC degradation product, pentachlorocyclohexene. Only BHC and dieldrin were found in crop seeds other than soybeans, and no aldrin, isodrin, heptachlor, chlordane, toxaphene, or Dilan were detected in the seeds of any crop.

Key Words: persistence • degradation • uptake or absorption by plants • chemicals in the environment

¹ Contribution from Agr. Environ. Quality Institute, Agr. Res. Center, ARS, USDA, Beltsville, Md. 20705.

² Soil Scientist and Horticulturist, respectively.

Received for publication May 15, 1972.

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