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Uptake and Distribution of Carbofuran and Its Metabolites in Field-Grown Corn Plants¹

ABSTRACT

Carbofuran was applied to two experimental watersheds in broadcast and row application to study the uptake, distribution, and metabolism of the insecticide in corn (Zea mays L.). Plants were sampled at both silage and harvest stages and plant parts were analyzed separately. Pesticide concentrations in the crop grown on the row application watershed were higher than those on the broadcast field, reflecting differences in treatment rates. Plants at harvest contained substantially lower residues than at the silage stage. Residues were concentrated in the leaves, with lesser amounts in the stalks and cobs and only traces in the grain. In the leaves, over 90% of the carbofuran was metabolized to 3-hydroxycarbofuran and 3-oxocarbofuran, the former constituting 80 to 95% of the total metabolite content. Intact carbofuran predominated in the stalks and cobs. Although application rates were much higher than registered rates, residue levels in the plants were below established tolerances.

Key Words: carbamate residues • pesticide concentrations • 3-hydroxycarbofuran • 3-oxocarbofuran

¹ Contribution from the Agr. Environ. Quality Inst., ARS, USDA, Beltsville, Md. 20705.

² Plant Physiologist and Research Chemist, respectively.