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Pesticide-Sediment-Water Interactions¹

ABSTRACT

Pesticide-sediment-water interactions occurring within a watershed and the associated aquatic system are reviewed regarding their impact on the distribution and persistence of pesticides in recipient lakes. Pesticidal persistence on the watershed is discussed initially because the aquatic residue hazard depends largely on the persistence of soil-applied pesticides. Mechanisms of transport from field to aquatic system are reviewed for those compounds not degraded rapidly to nontoxic derivatives. Pesticide transport through the atmosphere, ground water, and surface runoff is traced with particular emphasis on application-associated losses and transport effect on initial pesticide distribution and concentration in the aquatic system. Field and plot studies evaluating pesticide losses in runoff are summarized.

Within the aquatic system, limnological, sediment and water characteristics potentially alter the distribution of adsorbed pesticide between water and associated sediment within the lake. Specificially, the effects of pH, lake stratification, characteristics and content of sediment organic matter and clay, and salinity are evaluated. This review concludes with a discussion of literature on pesticide persistence determined in simulated or natural aquatic systems and the interactions between aquatic vegetation, sediment, and water which affect pesticide distribution.

Key Words: adsorption • lakes • runoff

¹ Research supported in part by the Coll. of Agr. and Life Sci., Univ. of Wisconsin; by grants from the Office of Water Resources Res., USDI, Grant No. B-016-WIS.; and by the Agr. Res. Serv., USDA, Contract No. 12-14-100-8154(41), in cooperation with the Oklahoma Agr. Exp. Sta., Stillwater.

² Soil Scientist, ARS-SWCRD-USDA, Chickasha, Oklahoma, and Professor, Dep. of Soil Sci., Univ. of Wisconsin, Madison, respectively.