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Disposal of Peach Cannery Waste by Application to Soil¹

ABSTRACT

The chemical oxygen demand (COD) of liquid peach cannery waste was significantly reduced by forced aeration of the liquid for 72 hours and was further reduced by the addition of 20 and 200 ppm nitrogen (N) from ammonium nitrate.

Eight applications of peach cannery waste were made to soil columns of a sandy clay and a sand subsoil during the peach canning season. Soil columns 8.26 cm (3.25 inches) in diameter having lengths of 25.4, 50.8, and 76.2 cm (10, 20, and 30 inches) received the waste at a rate of 2.54 cm/hour (1 inch/hour) for 3 hours/application. The effects of soil texture, length of column, plus the addition of NH₄NO₃ to the waste and CaCO₃ to the soil on COD, pH, and electrical conductivity of the percolate were evaluated. Generally, as the column length increased, the COD of the percolate decreased. The sandy clay was more effective than the sand in reducing the COD of the percolate. The average reduction for the 50.8-cm (20-inch) columns was 90% for the sandy clay and 70% for the sand. The addition of N to the waste significantly reduced the COD of the percolate while the addition of CaCO₃ to the soil had no appreciable effect.

The pH of the waste was reduced from an average of 10.9 to about 7.0 by passage through the soils. The pH of both soils was increased considerably by the waste applications and the pH of the sandy clay remained above 7.0 after being leached with distilled water. The percent of aggregates larger than 1 mm was increased by the peach waste applications while the aggregates less than 0.02 mm were not appreciably affected.

Key Words: chemical oxygen demand (COD)

¹ Contribution from the Dep. of Agronomy and Soils, South Carolina Agr. Exp. Sta., Clemson.

² Formerly NDEA Fellow, Clemson University, now research assistant, N. C. State Univeristy, Raleigh 27607, and Professor of Agronomy, Clemson University, Clemson, S. C. 29631.