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Effects of Ozone, Sulfur Dioxide, Soil Water Deficit, and Cultivar on Yields of Soybean¹

Climate Stress Lab., USDA-ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705;

Virginia M. Lesser

Dept. of Biostatistics, Univ. of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7400.

^* Corresponding author.

ABSTRACT

The effects of ozone (O₃) stress on bean yields and seed size of four soybean cultivars [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] grown in open-top chambers in 1981, 1982, and 1983 are presented. The O₃ treatments included charcoal filtered (CF) and nonfiltered (NF) air, and 0.03, 0.06, and 0.09 µL L^–1 O₃ added 7 h d^–1 to NF air. The effects of SO₂ in concentrations from 0.005 to 0.224 µL L^–1 (4 h d^–1, 5 d wk^–1) from the seedling stage to maturity were studied in 1981 and 1982. In 1982 and 1983 the effects of soil moisture stress (SMS) and well-watered (WW) soil conditions on the response of soybean to O₃ stress were determined. The primary objective was the evaluation of 3 yr of soybean data from our site using the nonlinear Weibull and the polynomial dose-response models to relate yield responses to O₃ exposure doses. The variables also included SO₂, soil moisture, and cultivar. The homogeneity of the response equations were compared to permit development of the smallest set of homogeneous equations over years. Both O₃ and SO₂ negatively impacted bean yields and seed size. No interactions between O₃ and SO₂ were indicated. With the Weibull model, interactions between O₃ and soil moisture were observed with ‘Forrest’ in 1982 and ‘Williams’ in 1983. With an O₃ level considered typical in soybean production areas (seasonal 7 h d^–1, 0.055 µL L^–1) compared to background O₃ (0.025 µL L^–1) and using all data from 3 yr of experiments, the Weibull model predicted the same (15%) mean yield loss under both SMS and WW regimes.

¹ The use of trade names in this article does not imply endorsement by the USDA. Although this research was partly funded by the USEPA, it has not been subjected to USEPA review, therefore it does not necessarily reflect their views and no official endorsement should be inferred.

(present address, 3112 Castleleigh Road, Silver Spring, MD 20904)

Research partly supported by interagency agreement between USEPA and the USDA, no. 12-14-7001-1282.

Received for publication May 30, 1989.