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Sulfate Adsorption and Desorption Reversibility in a Variety of Forest Soils

College of Forest Resources, AR-10, Univ. of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195;

Dale W. Johnson

Desert Res. Inst., Biollogical Science Ctr., P.O. Box 60220, Reno, NV 89506;

Don E. Todd

Oak Ridge Natl. Lab., P.O. box X, Oak Ridge, TN 37831.

^* Corresponding author.

ABSTRACT

Subsurface soil samples were collected from 20 forest sites of differing soil and cover type, atmospheric deposition history and physiographic location. Samples were analyzed for S pools, sulfate adsorption capacity, adsorption reversibility, and associated soil properties in order to compare the relative S chemistry and SO₄ retention capacities of the sites. The SO₄ adsorption capacity was determined by sequential equilibration of air-dried soil samples with a percolating solution of 0.25 mM CaSO₄, and adsorption reversibility by leaching both SO₄ saturated and untreated soil samples with deionzed water. Phosphate extractable SO₄ was measured at the end of each series of equilibrations as a means of estimating irreversibly adsorbed SO₄. A total of 32 out of 36 soil horizons studied showed net SO₄ adsorption, ranging from a desorption of 0.4 to an adsorption of 7.2 mmol SO₄ kg^–1. Thus, most of these soils were not yet saturated with respect to a solution concentration of 0.25 mM SO₄. Most soil horizons showed irreversible SO₄ adsorption (an average of 36% of adsorbed SO₄ was retained irreversibly) as evidenced both by changes in phosphate extractable SO₄ and by a comparison of desorption of SO₄ before and after saturation by the 0.25 mM SO₄ solution. When adsorption and adsorption reversibility observations were compared with measured soil properties, the presence of hydrous oxides of Al and native SO₄ were the best indicators of SO₄ adsorption potential. Most adsorption/desorption/extraction sequences showed mass conservation of SO₄, indicating inorganic SO₄ adsorption appeared to be far more important in these procdures than organic S incorporation or mineralization. It is unclear how much air-drying, sample treatment, and the procedures followed might have changed the inorganic and organic S pools of these soils.

Contribution from the College of Forest Resources and Oak Ridge Natl. Lab.

Received for publication October 25, 1988.

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