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Published in J Environ Qual 18:180-185 (1989)
© 1989 American Society of Agronomy, Crop Science Society of America, and Soil Science Society of America
677 S. Segoe Rd., Madison, WI 53711 USA
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First-Year Nutrient Availability from Injected Dairy Manure

P. P. Motavalli

Dep. of Agron., Cornell Univ., Ithaca, NY 14853;

K. A. Kelling*

Dep. of Soil Sci., Univ. of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706.

J. C. Converse

Dep. of Agric. Engineering, Univ. of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706.

* Corresponding author.

ABSTRACT

Estimates of N, P, and K availability to corn (Zea mays L.) from injected dairy manure on three field sites in south central Wisconsin were made using a fertilizer equivalence approach. Nutrient uptake from treatments of a control, three rates of manure (approx. 53, 97, and 138 Mg ha–1 yr–1 on a wet basis), and three rates of broadcast fertilizer were evaluated. Crop nutrient recoveries of fertilizer N, P, and K were generally higher than crop recoveries of manure total N, P, and K. Estimates of first year N, P, and K availability showed substantial variability across rate, location, and year with standard deviations often about 50% of the mean. Ranges for N, P, or K availability were 12 to 63, 12 to 89, and 24 to 153%, respectively. These data do not identify those factors responsible for differences in nutrient availability from one site-year to another. Biological or chemical availability indices of a 1-wk anaerobic incubation at 40 °C or a 16-h autoclaving in 0.01 M CaCl2 solution were evaluated as measures of N availability and compared with field results. Correlations between measured changes in NH4-N from these indices, as well as total Kjeldahl N and inorganic N levels in the top 30 cm of soil 4 to 6 wk after treatment application, and N uptake indicated inorganic N levels to be a better index of N availability than the other indices examined. However, to determine nutrient availability on a routine basis, more reliable biological or chemical indices are necessary. A simple model may help to simulate environmental effects and the contribution of residual nutrients in the soil.

NOTES

Research supported by the College of Agric. and Life Sciences, Univ. of Wisconsin-Madison and by A.O. Smith Harvestore Products, Inc.

Received for publication August 18, 1987.


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