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Injury and Yield Response of Cotton to Chronic Doses of Ozone and Soil Moisture Deficit¹

USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Dep. of Plant Pathology, North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, NC 27695;

J. E. Miller

USDA-ARS, Dep. of Crop Science, North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, NC 27695;

W. W. Heck

USDA-ARS, Dep. of Botany, North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, NC 27695;

R. P. Patterson

Dep. of Crop Science, North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, NC 27695.

ABSTRACT

Plant response to ozone (O₃) is known to be modified by soil moisture deficit, which occurs in varying degrees during most growing seasons. Thus, we examined the response of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L. ‘McNair 235’) to different levels of seasonal stress by O₃ when grown at two soil moisture levels. The cotton was exposed for 12 h d^–1 in open-top field chambers to five O₃ doses (seasonal 12 h d^–1 means from 0.020 to 0.074 µL L^–1) under well-watered (WW) conditions or under water-stressed (WS) conditions with periodic cycles of low soil moisture. Exposures began when the fifth leaves were expanding and continued for 124 d when most leaves were chlorotic or had abscised. Ozone caused significant yield loss in WW plots but not in WS plots. Based on estimates from polynomial regression analysis, ambient O₃ (seasonal 12 h d^–1 mean of 0.044 µL L^–1) caused a yield decrease of 19% in the WW plots compared to the O₃ level in our charcoal-filtered air plots (seasonal 12 h d^–1 mean of 0.022 µL L^–1). The comparable estimate for data from the WS plot was 7%, but this regression was not statistically significant. Results indicate that soil moisture deficit can decrease the impact of O₃ on cotton yield.

¹ The use of trade names in this publication does not imply endorsement by the North Carolina Agricultural Research Service or the USDA of the products named, nor criticism of similar ones not mentioned. Although the research described in this article was partly funded by the U.S. EPA, it has not been subjected to the EPA's paper and policy review and may not reflect the views of the Agency.

Cooperative investigations of the USDA-ARS and the North Carolina State University. Paper no. 11311 of the Journal Series of the North Carolina Agricultural Res. Serv., Raleigh, NC 27695-7601. Research partly supported by an interagency Agreement between the Environmental Protection Agency and the USDA; Interagency agreement number AD-12-F-1-490-2.