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Wet Deposition Estimates from Long-Term Bulk and Event Wet-Only Samples of Incident Precipitation and Throughfall

School of Forestry and Environ. Studies, Duke Univ., Durham, NC 27706 (formerly Environ. Sci. Div., Oak Ridge Natl. Lab.);

S. E. Lindberg

Environ. Sci. Div., Oak Ridge Natl. Lab., Oak Ridge, TN 37831.

^* Corresponding author.

ABSTRACT

This report describes a 2-yr study comparing two sampling systems that are used to measure major ionic constituents in incident precipitation and canopy throughfall: long-term bulk sampling vs. event-based, wet-only sampling. Major deviations in chemical concentrations (SO^2–₄, NO^–₃, K⁺, Ca²⁺, and H⁺) were documented between the two sampling systems, deviations that were ion-specific in both incident precipitation and throughfall. Differences in chemical concentrations between the two sampling systems were greater (i) during the growing than during the dormant seasons, and (ii) for incident precipitation (collected in the open) than for throughfall under chestnut oak forest (Quercus prinus L.) canopies. Nutrient-cycling processes in forests may be misinterpreted if flux data are based solely on long-term bulk samplers of incident precipitation and canopy throughfall. For example, comparison of bulk and wet-only throughfall solutions suggests that when bulk samplers collect throughfall under hardwood canopies, the ability of hardwood canopies to increase pH of low pH precipitation may be overestimated.

Research sponsored by the Electric Power Res. Inst. (RP-1813-1; RP-1907-1) and by the Office of Health and Environ. Res., U.S. Dep. of Energy, under contract no. DE-AC05-84OR21400 with Martin Marietta Energy Systems, Inc. Partial support for manuscript preparation received from the Integrated Forest Study on Effects of Atmospheric Deposition, coordinated by Oak Ridge Natl. Lab. and sponsored by the Electric Power Res. Inst., and from the School of Natl. Resour., The Univ. of Michigan, and the School of Forestry and Environ. Studies, Duke Univ. Publication no. 2974, Environ. Sci. Div., ORNL.

Received for publication April 3, 1987.