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The Fate of Nitrogen from Injected Liquid Manure in a Silt Loam Soil

Dep. of Soil Science, 1525 Observatory Drive, Univ. of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706;

J. C. Converse

Dep. of Agric. Eng., Univ. of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706.

^* Corresponding author.

ABSTRACT

A field experiment was conducted on a Piano silt loam (Typic Argiudoll) in southcentral Wisconsin to monitor N transformations following liquid manure injections. Liquid manure with and without a nitrification inhibitor [nitrapyrin, 2-chloro-6-(trichloromethyl)pyridine, 13 mg a.i. L^–1 liquid manure] was injected into an uncropped area in June 1985. Soil samples were taken using a grid placed over the vertical cross-section of the injected bands permitting spatial sampling in the vertical plane. Sampling was done 5, 12, 26, 39, 67, 99, and 350 d after manure application by progressive exposure of the band. Soil water content, pH, NH₄-N, (NO₂ + NO₃)-N, Cl, and water-soluble C were determined. The synagraphic computer program, SYMAP, was used to evaluate spatial changes in inorganic N concentrations in the manure injection zone. Nitrapyrin was not effective in inhibiting nitrification at the rate used. Nitrification occurred at the outer fringes of the band within 5 d; maximum concentrations of 300 to 800 mg NO₃-N kg^–1 occurred throughout the injection zone at 26 d. High respiratory activity in the injection zone was indicated by an almost threefold decrease in water-soluble C between day 5 (750 mg C kg^–1) and day 12 (270 mg C kg^–1). Water content remained higher than the surrounding soil in the injection zone for 99 d. Once NO₃ leaching occurred, NO₃-N/Cl ratios decreased with depth under the injection zone. The abundant supply of NO₃ and readily oxidizable C, combined with the high moisture environment, led to the conclusion that liquid manure injections created an environment conducive for denitrification.

Key Words: Nitrate • Denitrification • Nitrification • Inhibitor • Nitrapyrin

Contribution of the College of Agricultural and Life Sciences, Univ. of Wisconsin-Madison. This research was partially funded by a grant from the Univ. of Wisconsin-Madison Graduate School and Dow Chemical, USA.

Received for publication July 10, 1987.

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