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Vapor-phase Diffusion of Benzene in Soil¹

ABSTRACT

The volatilization of benzene (C₆H₆), a component of volatile emissions from landfills receiving certain industrial wastes, was characterized in the laboratory using a simulated landfill apparatus. The steady-state vapor diffusion of C₆H₆ in soil under isothermal conditions and negligible water flow was directly related to soil air-filled porosity. The volatilization flux of C₆H₆ through a soil cover was greatly reduced by increased soil bulk density and increased soil-water content. The actual flux through the soil cover could be predicted from the soil porosity term, P^10/3_a P^–2_T, where P_a is the soil air-filled porosity and P_T is the total porosity. The diffusion coefficient in air for C₆H₆ calculated from the experimental results was 8.91 x 10^–6 m² s^–1, at 20 °C, which agrees with other reported data.

Key Words: volatilization • landfills • industrial wastes • air-filled porosity • soil bulk density • soil-water content

¹ Contribution from the Environmental Engineering Program, Univ. of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, the Dep. of Soil and Environmental Sciences, Univ. of California, Riverside, CA 92521, and USDA-ARS, Riverside, CA 92521.

² Former Graduate Research Assistant, Univ. of Southern California, Professor of Soil Science, Univ. of California Riverside, and Chemist, USDA. Current address of senior author: Water Quality Specialist, Dep. of Water and Power, P.O. Box 111, Rm 1350, Los Angeles, CA 90051.

Received for publication April 2, 1985.

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