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Nutrient Uptake and Growth Responses of Virginia Pine to Elevated Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide¹

ABSTRACT

One-year-old Virginia pine (Pinus virginiana Mill.) seedlings with native or Pisolithus tinctorius mycorrhizal associations were grown in pots with soil low in organic matter and in cation exchange capacity and were exposed to one of five atmospheric CO₂ levels in the range of 340 to 940 µL/L in open-top field chambers. The mean dry weight of the seedlings increased from 4.4 to 11.0 g/plant during the 122-d exposure period. Significant increases in dry weight and uptake of N, Ca, Al, Fe, Zn, and Sr occurred with CO₂ enrichment. Greater chemical uptake was associated with greater root weight. Specific absorption rates for chemicals (uptake per gram of root per day) were generally not affected by CO₂ enrichment. The uptake of P and K was not increased with elevated CO₂, and these elements showed the greater nutrient-use efficiency (C gain per element uptake). The nutrient-use efficiency for N and Ca was not influenced by atmospheric CO₂ enrichment. Large increases in Zn uptake at high CO₂ suggested an increase in rhizosphere acidification, which may have resulted from the release of protons from the roots, since it was estimated that cation uptake increasingly exceeded anion uptake with CO₂ enrichment. Potassium, P, and NO^–₃ concentrations in the pot leachate decreased with higher CO₂ levels, and a similar trend was found for Al and Mg. These results suggest that soil-plant systems may exhibit increased nutrient and chemical retention at elevated atmospheric CO₂.

Key Words: nutrient-use efficiency • root weight duration • chemical leaching • rhizosphere acidification • Pinus virginiana Mill.

¹ Research sponsored by the Carbon Dioxide Research Division, U.S. Dep. of Energy, under Contract no. DE-AC05-840R21400 with Martin Marietta Energy Systems, Inc. Cooperative project with the U.S. Dep. of Agriculture and North Carolina State Univ. Publication no. 2740, Environmental Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831.

² Soil and Plant Scientist and Laboratory Technician, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN; Research Associate, Dep. of Botany, North Carolina State Univ.; and Plant Physiologist, USDA-ARS, Raleigh, NC, respectively.

Received for publication November 7, 1985.

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