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Analysis of Time-dependent Chemical Processes in Soils¹

ABSTRACT

Analysis of time-dependent processes in soils has been the subject of recent interest. Examples of such interest include the demonstration of nonequilibrium conditions during transport, slow release of plant nutrients, and a fundamental interest in reaction mechanisms. No unified approach to these problems exists in the literature. The present study was undertaken to provide uniformity in terminology and a methodology for solving a variety of problems. The interrelationship of chemical kinetics and transport processes is examined. Particular attention is paid to potential ambiguities and alternative interpretations of concentration histories. A variety of rate law formulations are presented. Microscopic and macroscopic approaches to transport process are described. The implications of these descriptions of transport upon chemical reactions are discussed, it is concluded that reaction kinetics and transport may be readily confounded. Furthermore, different kinetic mechanisms may result in concentration histories that are not distinguishable experimentally.

Key Words: kinetics • nonequilibrium • transport • chemical reaction • rate laws • solute flux

¹ Published as Paper no. 7570, Journal Series, Nebr. Agric. Exp. Stn., Lincoln, NE.

² Assistant Professor of Soil Physics, Dep. of Agronomy, Univ. of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68583.

Received for publication May 21, 1985.