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Time-dependent Changes in Soluble Organics, Copper, Nickel, and Zinc from Sludge Amended Soils¹

ABSTRACT

An acidic western Washington soil and a near-neutral eastern Washington soil were each mixed with anaerobically digested Seattle-METRO sewage sludge and incubated in triplicate at 25 ± 2°C and approximately –33 kPa water potential for 1, 2, and 4 d and 1, 2, 4, 10 and 30 weeks. At the end of each incubation period, saturation pastes were made using 0.01 M CaCl₂ and vacuum extracted. Total soluble C, Cu, Ni and Zn, as -ell as NH₄ + NH₃, NO₃-N, ortho-P, and pH were measured in the extracts. High NH₄ + NH₃ values produced in the first 2 weeks of incubation caused the pH to increase into the alkaline range. Soluble C values increased during this period, and soluble Cu values increased despite the increasing pH, apparently because of organic complex formation. Soluble Zn declined during the same period. Soluble Ni possessed intermediate chemical behavior, as it appeared to be influenced both by a solid phase with pH dependent solubility and by ability to form organic complexes. Nitrification during incubations longer than 4 weeks led to a pH decline and increased Zn and Ni levels once more. Decreasing Cu levels were also associated with this period, likely due to losses of soluble organic materials via oxidation to CO₂.

Key Words: complexation • solid-phase controls • pH trends • nitrification • organic matter solubility

¹ Scientific Paper no. 6510. College of Agriculture Research Center, Washington State Univ., Pullman, WA Project no. 0385.

² Graduate Research Assistant and Professor of Soils, respectively, Washington State Univ.; and Assistant Professor of Soils, Oregon State Univ., Corvallis, OR. Senior author's present address is Dep. of Soil Science and Biometeorology, UMC 48, Utah State Univ., Logan, UT 84322.

Received for publication May 21, 1985.