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Toxaphene, Methyl Parathion, and Fenvalerate Disappearance from Cotton Foliage in the Mid-South¹

ABSTRACT

Insecticide foliar-persistence data are needed for the development and refinement of predictive models concerning pesticide loss from agricultural ecosystems. Toxaphene (chlorinated camphene), methyl parathion [O,O-dimethyl O-(p-nitrophenyl) phosphorothioate], and fenvalerate [(RS)--cyano-3-phenoxybenzyl (RS)-2-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-methylbutyrate] were field-applied by ground equipment to mature cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) in northern Mississippi at rates of 2.30, 1.15, and 0.11 kg ha^–1, respectively. Pesticide loads on the plants were measured periodically for 146 h following application. Air temperature, windspeed, and relative humidity were also measured during the study. About 92, 76, and 66% of the applied toxaphene, methyl parathion, and fenvalerate, respectively, were intercepted by the cotton plants. The calculated 50% disappearance times for toxaphene, methyl parathion, and fenvalerate were 17.6, 2.4, and 79.4 h, respectively.

Key Words: Gossypium hirsutum L. • pesticide persistence • insecticides • weather variables

¹ Joint contribution from the Soil & Water Pollution Research Unit, USDA-ARS, P.O. Drawer U, Baton Rouge, LA 70893, in cooperation with the Louisiana Agric. Exp. Stn., Louisiana State Univ. Agricultural Center, Baton Rouge; and the USDA-ARS Sedimentation Laboratory, Oxford, MS 38655, in cooperation with the Mississippi Agric. and Forestry Exp. Stn.

² Soil scientist, USDA, Baton Rouge; soil scientist, USDA, Oxford; research chemist, USDA, Baton Rouge; and research chemist, USDA, Baton Rouge, respectively.

Received for publication August 13, 1984.