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Leaching of Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Organic Carbon From Wheat Straw Residues: II. Loading Rate¹

ABSTRACT

Using a rainfall simulator, wheat straw residue (Triticum aestivum L.) in 1.0-m² pans was subjected to simulated rainfall. Runoff from the wheat residue was sampled as a function of time and analyzed for PO₄^3–-P, NH₄⁺-N, NO₃^–-N, and organic carbon (OC). Rainfall at 25 mm h^–1 was applied for 1 h to five residue weights equivalent to field loading rates of 2200, 4500, 6700, 9000, and 11 200 kg ha^–1. As loading rates increased from 2200 to 9000 kg ha^–1, both concentrations and losses of PO₄^3–-P, NH₄^3–-N, and OC increased, whereas those of NO₃^–-N decreased. During individual runoff events at all loading rates, PO₄^3–-P, NH₄⁺-N, and OC concentrations increased relatively rapidly to a maximum concentration in runoff and then decreased during the remainder of the 1-h runoff event. The relationship of nutrient concentrations with time were described by a power function Y = aX^b and to runoff by a hyperbolic equation of the form Y = 1/(a + bX). The quantity (kg ha^–1) of nutrients leached from the wheat residue followed the order C > P > N. For all loading rates, percentage N (NH₄⁺-N + NO₃^–-N) and C leached from the wheat residue was < 10 g kg^–1, compared with 240 to 430 g kg^–1 for P.

Key Words: nutrient washoff • rainfall simulator • agricultural runoff • water quality

¹ Contribution from the USDA-ARS, USDA Sedimentation Lab., Oxford, MS 38655.

² Soil scientist.

Received for publication August 29, 1984.

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