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Heavy Metal Contents of Sludge-Treated Soils as Determined by Three Extraction Procedures¹

ABSTRACT

The extraction efficiency of three soil metal extraction procedures (4M HNO₃ extraction, HClO₄ digestion, and HF decomposition) were compared by determining Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn contents of two sewage sludge-treated soils. In soils not treated with sludges, approximately 50 and 75% of total metals (HF-decomposed) were recovered by 4M HNO₃ extraction and HClO₄ digestion, respectively. For sludge-treated soils, between 70 and 80% of soil metals were recovered by 4M HNO₃ extraction. The increase in extraction efficiency indicated that sludge-borne heavy metals in soils were more extractable with 4M HNO₃ than metals indigenous to soils. Amounts of Cd, Cr, Cu, and Zn recovered from sludge-treated soils by HClO₄ were not significantly different from those recovered by HF decomposition. Recoveries of Ni and Pb by HClO₄ digestion, however, were less complete. It appeared that sludge-borne Ni and Pb were either associated with silicate minerals or converted into silicate-containing solid phase minerals after land application.

Key Words: land application • cadmium • chromium • copper • nickel • lead • zinc

¹ Contribution of Dep. of Soil and Environ. Sci., Univ. of California, Riverside, CA 92521.

² Research associate, Chinese Research Academy of Environ. Sci., Beijing, People's Republic of China; and professors, Dep. of Soil & Environ. Sci., Univ. of California, Riverside, respectively.

Received for publication September 12, 1983.