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Behavior Assessment Model for Trace Organics in Soil: III. Application of Screening Model¹

ABSTRACT

The soil chemical screening model developed in Jury et al. (1983) is applied to a set of 35 chemicals for which benchmark properties (organic C partition coefficient, vapor pressure, solubility, half-life) have been obtained. Environmental screening tests are conducted on the chemicals to de{ermine their relative convective mobility, diffusive mobility, volatility, and persistence with the results presented in a series of classifications rating the susceptibility of the chemical to a given loss pathway.

The convective mobility tests estimate the time required for a pulse of chemical to travel a distance of 10 cm through an ideal soil of uniform water content and organic C content while being subjected to a water application rate of 1 cm/day. The diffusive mobility tests determine the time required for a chemical to diffuse 10 cm through the same ideal soil. In the volatilization screening tests, each chemical is applied at a uniform concentration of 1 kg/ha to a standard depth in the soil with uniform properties and is allowed to volatilize through a stagnant air boundary layer during a specified time period in the presence or absence of water evaporation. The resulting volatilization fluxes and cumulative losses for a standard time period are used to categorize the relative susceptibility of the chemical to loss to the atmosphere. The persistence tests are used to determine the amount of chemical left after a specified time period when it is free not only to degrade but also to volatilize.

Key Words: chemical movement • diffusion • volatilization • leaching

¹ Contribution from Dep. of Soil and Environ. Sci., Univ. of California-Riverside and USDA/ARS, Riverside, CA 92521.

² Professor of soil physics, Univ. of California, Riverside; soil scientist, USDA; and professor of soil science, Univ. of California, Riverside, respectively.

Received for publication October 25, 1982.

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