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An Approach to Predicting the Movement of Selected Polluting Metals in Soils¹

ABSTRACT

An approach is developed to derive simple, field-oriented equations to predict movement of pollutant metals in soils. The procedure is illustrated by a comprehensive example utilizing experimental work on small columns with Cd, Ni, and Zn on nine soils and eight landfill-type leachates. The results provide a set of simple equations to predict movement of the three metals through soils with minimal calculations. The final form enables the scientist or field engineer to calculate velocities for which a given concentration of the metal is propagated through the soil profile. The simplified forms are based on the Lapidus-Amundson (L.A.) model, for which apparent diffusion and forward and backward reaction coefficients are best fitted to whatever experimental data are available. The L.A. model is then used to generate the propagation velocities for constant concentration, which are related back to the soil and leachate properties by multiple regression. The regression equation is what the field person uses and the choice of coefficients is based on available input data. The specific coefficients developed for this data-set may be used directly if no other experimental data are available for a given site.

Key Words: Lapidus-Amundson model • heavy metals • pollutants

¹ Contribution from The Univ. of Arizona Agric. Exp. Stn., Paper no. 3627. This research was supported in part by Grant no. R805731- 01, Solid & Hazardous Waste Res. Div., MERL, USEPA, Cincinnati, OH 45268.

² Former Research Associate and Professors, Dep. of Soils, Water and Eng., The Univ. of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721. The senior author is presently Assistant Professor, Soil Sci. Dep., North Carolina State Univ., P.O. Box 7619, Raleigh, NC 27695-7619.

Received for publication July 16, 1983.