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Drip Irrigation of Cotton with Treated Municipal Effluents: II. Nutrient Availability in Soil¹

ABSTRACT

The suitability of sewage effluent for drip irrigation of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) growing on a deep calcareous clay soil (Typic Chromoxererts) was studied during three seasons. Secondary effluent was compared with freshwater at three application rates, the average of which for the three seasons were: low (350 mm yr^–1), standard (440 mm yr^–1), and high (515 mm yr^–1). Fertilizer was applied with the fresh water in order to deliver amounts of nutrients (average for the 3 years) equivalent to those in the effluent that contained 150, 180, and 230 kg N; 32, 37, and 46 kg P; and 80, 100, and 120 kg K ha^–1 yr^–1 for the three rates, respectively. In addition, the standard amount of fresh water was given with half the quantity of fertilizer, and without fertilizer.

The concentration of available N and P in soil was increased greatly in all effluent and fertilizer-amended freshwater treatments, while available K in the soil was increased to a lesser extent. In general, at equivalent application levels, no significant differences in the level of available N, P, and K in the soil or in their uptake by plants, were detected between effluent and fertilizer-amended fresh water, although dry matter yield as well as N, P, and K accumulation were greater in the high-application-rate effluent treatment. The distribution of NO₃-N in the soil profile was controlled by drip irrigation and practically no build-up of NO₃^– was detected below the 0- to 0.6-m depth layer during the irrigation period (in summer). However, during the rainy, winter season, heavy losses of residual NO₃-N occurred, probably mainly through leaching.

Key Words: seed cotton • dry matter • N-P-K uptake

¹ Contribution from the Agric. Res. Org., The Volcani Center, Bet Dagan, Israel, no. 783-E, 1983.

² Soil Scientists and Irrigation Scientist, respectively, The Volcani Center.

Received for publication July 9, 1983.

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