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Effects of Varying Salt Levels in Liquid Swine Manure on Soil Composition and Corn Yield¹

ABSTRACT

A 4-y field experiment was conducted to determine the effects of liquid swine manure application to silt loam and silly clay loam soils cropped to corn (Zea mays L.). Manure from growing-finishing pigs fed 16% crude protein diets with either 0.2 or 0.5% supplemental salt was collected and stored in oxidation ditches or anaerobic pits. Swine manure (2.0–3.3% dry matter) from the four dietary salt by waste treatment combinations was surface-applied annually to Fox and Raub silt loam and Chalmers silty clay loam soils at rates of 90, 180, and 270 t/ha for 3 y. No manure was applied the fourth year to determine residual nutrient effects. Check and inorganic fertilizer treatments were also studied.

Increasing dietary salt levels increased Na levels in manure and Na loading of the soil. The maximum rate of Na loading was 123 kg/ha/y from manure from pigs fed the 0.5% dietary salt level. Soil exchangeable Na, exchangeable K, available P and NO₃^–-N concentrations increased each year of manure application, but there was a depletion after the residual year for all except available P. High manure applications did not adversely affect corn yields; however, applications above the 90-t rate exceeded crop nutrient needs for all soil conditions. The effects of aerobic vs. anaerobic manure handling systems on corn yields, plant composition and soil composition were inconsistent.

Corn leaf analyses for N tended to reflect N application rates, but other leaf nutrient concentrations did not consistently reflect nutrient loadings from manure. Application rates of liquid manure used in this study did not lead to soil contamination nor corn plant phytotoxicity problems.

Key Words: sodium • nitrate nitrogen • corn leaf composition • anaerobic vs. aerobic manure handling systems

¹ Contribution from the Dep. of Animal Sci., Agronomy, and Agric. Eng. Journal Paper no. 9071, Purdue Univ. Agric. Res. Exp. Stn., West Lafayette, IN 47907. Supported in part by Grant no. 12-14-3001-288 from the USDA-SEA.

² Professor of Animal Sci., Professor of Agronomy, Professor of Animal Sci., Professor of Agric. Eng., and Research Technical Assistant of Animal Sci., respectively, Purdue Univ.

Received for publication June 24, 1982.

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