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Factors Affecting Phosphorus Losses from Cultivated Organic Soils¹

ABSTRACT

Leaching losses of P from organic soils can have a marked effect on water quality. Factors affecting leaching loss of P from cultivated organic soils in western New York State (Carlisle and Palms series) and ways to reduce these losses were investigated. The behavior of P in organic soils from eight sites with annual leaching losses ranging from < 1 to > 30 kg ha^–1 y^–1 was compared. Inorganic, organic, and total P; P extracted by soil test procedures; percent mineral matter; depth of organic horizons; leaching and adsorption of P; release of P during incubation; and total extractable Al and Fe were compared. A P balance was estimated using field and laboratory data, and cropping and fertilization history. Aluminum, iron, and adsorption equilibria were the best predictors of field leaching losses from these soils. While P loss from these soils is controlled by adsorption reactions, the best way to reduce the loss is through fertilizer management.

Key Words: phosphorus adsorption • Histosols • phosphorus fertilization • nonpoint sources

¹ Contribution of the Dep. of Agron., Cornell Univ., Ithaca, NY 14853. Paper no. 1468.

² Former Graduate Assistant, Cornell Univ. (now Research Associate, North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, NC 27650) and Associate Professor, Cornell Univ.

Received for publication May 12, 1983.

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