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ABSTRACT
Phosphorus and suspended solids (SS) contents in tile discharge from two southwestern Ontario clay soil drainage experiments were measured over a 2-y period. For continuous corn (Zea mays L.) plots, loads of SS and total P were 407 and 0.88 kg ha–1 y–1, respectively. Suspended solids and total P loads from drains beneath permanent sod were 97 and 1.85 kg ha–1 y–1, respectively. Comparison of these results with limited data on P and SS loads in surface runoff indicated that >50% of the total P load from these nearly level plots may be lost via subsurface tile flow. Overall, 34% of the total P load from subsurface drains was sediment-associated. Furthermore, crop cover, P fertilization rate, and tile drain depth were found to significantly affect dissolved P export. Dissolved P concentrations in effluent from permanent bluegrass sod exceeded those from continuous corn and rotational plots. Subsurface sediment and sediment-associated P loads were highest from continuous corn. Greater soil cover over the tile line decreased both sediment and P concentrations. Sediment-associated P concentrations increased with P fertilization rate at one of the experimental locations.
Key Words: subsurface drainage • sediment • surface runoff
1 Contribution no. 83-05 from Land Resource Research Institute, Central Experimental Farm, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1A 0C6.
2 Land Res. Res. Inst., Central Exp. Farm, Ottawa; formerly of Res. Stn., Agriculture Canada, Harrow, Ontario, Canada N0R 1G0, now deceased; and Res. Stn., Agriculture Canada, Harrow, Ontario.
Received for publication January 26, 1983.
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