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Yield Reduction of Soybean Due to Exposure to Sulfur Dioxide and Nitrogen Dioxide in Combination¹

ABSTRACT

Two soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] cultivars, ‘Beeson’ and ‘Hark,’ were grown in the field and exposed to SO₂ alone and in combination with NO₂ in open-top chambers supplied with charcoal-filtered air to remove ambient O₃. The exposures were for 56 midday hours during the pod-filling period at concentrations of approximately 481 or 1335 µg m^–3 SO₂ with or without 115 µg m^–3 NO₂.³ Visible injury was produced only on plants exposed to the higher SO₂ concentration, but senescence was accelerated in several treatments (i.e., control about the same as low SO₂ < low SO₂ + NO₂ < high SO₂ < high SO₂ + NO₂. The treatments of high SO₂ alone reduced the yields of Hark 26% and Beeson 9%; NO₂ with high SO₂ reduced the yields 35% for Hark and 31% for Beeson. The lower concentration of SO₂ alone reduced the yields of Hark 20% and Beeson 6%; the presence of NO₂ at the lower SO₂ concentration did not increase the effect on yield reduction in either cultivar. These results suggest that (in the absence of ambient O₃) NO₂ in combination with SO₂ can reduce soybean yield more if the SO₂ dose is above a threshold value.

Key Words: senescence • foliar injury • air pollution

¹ Contribution from the Boyce Thompson Inst. for Plant Research at Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853. This work was supported by the Dep. of Energy, Contract no. EE77-5-4368.

² Research Associate, Environ. Biol. Program, Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant Res. at Cornell University.

Received for publication December 16, 1982.