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Chemical Characteristics of Wet and Dry Atmospheric Fallout in Northern California¹

ABSTRACT

Wet and dry atmospheric fallout were monitored on an event basis at eight locations during the wet season, November 1978–May 1979. Nine different ionic species, plus conductivity and volume, were determined. Wet fallout was commonly acid (pH < 5.6) at all sites, although there was considerable variation between sites, and temporal variation within sites. At most sites H⁺ was highly correlated with NO₃^– but not with SO₄^2–, and NO₃^–/SO₄^2– equivalent ratios exceeded 1.0, indicating that HNO₃ was predominant and H₂SO₄ secondary. Dry fallout comprises a large proportion of total atmospheric fallout.

Key Words: acid rain • atmospheric precipitation • rainfall chemistry • polluted rain • dry deposition

¹ Contribution of the Dep. of Plant and Soil Biology, University of California, Berkeley.

² Associate Professor, Postdoctoral Research Associate, and Graduate Research Assistant, respectively, Dep. of Plant and Soil Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720.

Received for publication May 4, 1981.