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Spatial and Temporal Patterns of Lead Accumulation in the Forest Floor in the Northeastern United States¹

ABSTRACT

In light of the relatively large amounts of anthropogenic Pb deposition from the atmosphere, a regional study of forest floor Pb was undertaken. The current Pb content averages 1.1 ± 0.1 g m^–2 and 148 ± 5 µg g^–1 of forest floor. Factors that control forest floor Pb levels include precipitation rate, distance from the urban corridor, elevation, proximity to Pb-emitting industries, forest floor age, and nature of the underlying mineral horizon. Analysis of buried organic horizons from windthrow mounds indicates that the Pb content of the forest floor may have increased five- to 10-fold in the past century.

Key Words: air pollution • heavy metals • forest soils

¹ Contribution of the Dep. of Landscape Architecture and Regional Planning and Dep. of Geology, University of Pennsylvania, and Yale School of Forestry, New Haven, Conn. Research supported by the U.S. Forest Service Cooperative Agreement no. 23-3888, and a grant from the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation, New York.

² Associate Professor, Univ. of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104; Staff Ecologist, Yale School of Forestry, New Haven, CT 06511; and Graduate Assistant, Univ. of Pennsylvania; respectively.

Received for publication March 31, 1981.

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