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Fluoride-Induced Mobilization and Leaching of Organic Matter, Iron, and Aluminum¹

ABSTRACT

In order to demonstrate the effects of F-induced leaching of organic matter, Al, and Fe, different soil samples were percolated under laboratory conditions at constant flow with distilled water and various solutions containing F or Cl, applied as NaF, KF, Na₅Al₃ F₁₄, KCl, and NaCl, respectively.

The three sets of experiments focus on the following questions: (i) Are the observed leaching losses primarily F-induced? (ii) How do they relate to the F concentrations of the solutions? and (iii) To what extent are calcareous soils resistant to and acid soils prone to F-induced leaching?

Total organic carbon (TOC), Fe, and especially Al were leached more effectively when the percolating solution contained F instead of Cl. The cationic composition of the solution was definitely less important than the concentration of dissolved F. For instance, the F-induced Al leaching loss from an acid clay soil was nine times larger than that of an equimolar NaCl solution. In the concentration range of 0 to 50 µg mL^–1 dissolved F the peak concentrations of Al in the outflow samples varied from 0.2 to 26.0 µg Al mL^–1. The leaching losses from the acid soil were significantly higher than those from the two calcareous soils. However, TOC leaching with distilled water was highest in the case of the severely F-contaminated calcareous soil.

Key Words: soil contamination • metal mobilization • aluminum fluoride complexation

¹ Contribution of the Swiss Federal Institute of Forestry Research, CH-8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland. Funded in part by the "Fonds zur Förderung der Wald- und Holzforschung," Bundesamt für das Forstwesen, Bern, Switzerland.

² Agronomist, Soil Physicist, and Chemist, respectively, Swiss Federal Institute of Forestry Research.

Received for publication October 20, 1980.