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Growth and Nutrition of White Pine and White Spruce Seedlings in Solutions of Various Nickel and Copper Concentrations¹

ABSTRACT

As part of an investigation of the ways in which supply is related to growth and foliage concentration, and as part of a larger problem of tree establishment on certain polluted soils, seedlings of white pine (Pinus strobus L.) and white spruce (Picea glauca (Moench) Voss) were grown from seed over a 20-week period in nutrient solutions of various Ni and/or Cu concentrations in growth chambers. In one series, Ni was supplied during the latter part of the test period at 0, 0.01, 0.1, 1, and 10 ppm; in a second, Cu was supplied at 0, 0.01, 1, 10, and 100 ppm; and in a third, Ni and Cu were supplied together in factorial combination at 0, 1, and 10 ppm. At the end of each experiment the seedlings were harvested and growth and chemical composition were determined. In general, substantial reductions in growth occurred when concentrations of Ni and/or Cu in the nutrient solutions were 10 ppm. There was some suggestion that white spruce seedlings were more susceptible than white pine seedlings to elevated Ni levels, with the order being reversed for Cu. Foliage concentrations of Ni and/or Cu increased in relation to their concentrations in the external solutions. No definitive trends were evident in foliage concentrations of other dements except Fe and Zn, both of which decreased: Fe in relation to both Ni and Cu supply, Zn chiefly in relation to Ni supply.

Key Words: heavy metal • foliage analysis • toxicity • smelter pollution

¹ Contribution of the Great Lakes Forest Research Centre, Canadian Forestry Service, Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario, Canada P6A 5M7.

² Formerly Post-Doctoral Fellow, National Research Council of Canada, tenable at the Great Lakes Forest Research Centre. Present address: Ontario Forest Research Centre, Ministry of Natural Resources, Maple, Ontario L0J 1E0.

³ Research Scientist, Great Lakes Forest Research Centre.

Received for publication November 6, 1981.