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Comparative Movement of Different Enteroviruses in Soil Columns¹

ABSTRACT

Echo 1 and Echo 29, the least adsorptive viruses studied in previous batch studies with small soil samples, and Polio 1 were seeded in secondary sewage effluent that was applied to 250-cm-long soil columns. Water samples from various column depths showed that the adsorption patterns for Echo 29 and Polio 1 were quite similar. Fewer Echo 1 viruses were adsorbed near the soil surface, but the leaching pattern below the 40-cm depth resembled that for Polio 1 and Echo 29. The leaching patterns of Echo 1 and Polio 1 were influenced in a similar manner by changes in virus concentration, and flow velocity and leaching patterns were similar for three other soils with a wide range in virus-retention efficiencies. These tests and previous experiments on virus adsorption and survival suggest that movement of polioviruses type 1 through soils is similar to the movement of many other enteroviruses through soils. Virus movement through loamy sand roughly paralleled that of fecal coliforms.

Key Words: virus • sewage • adsorption • waste water

¹ Contribution of the USDA-ARS in cooperation with the Dep. of Virology and Epidemiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030. The work conducted at Baylor College of Medicine was supported by USEPA Res. Grant no. R-805, 292.

² Formerly Soil Scientist, U.S. Water Conservation Lab., Phoenix, Ariz., now National Research Program Leader, National Program Staff, USDA-ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705; formerly Virologist, Baylor College of Medicine, now Associate Professor, Dep. of Microbiology and Nutrition and Food Service, Univ. of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724; and formerly Post-Doctoral Fellow, Baylor College of Medicine, now Research Associate, Univ. of Texas Medical School, Houston; respectively.

Received for publication January 17, 1981.

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