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Prediction of Phosphorus Losses in Runoff from Southern Plains Watersheds¹

ABSTRACT

The concentrations of soluble and particulate (sediment) P in runoff from several cropland and grassland watersheds across the Southern Plains were predicted from relationships obtained from simulated rainfall-runoff studies. Soluble P was predicted from the water-extractable P content of surface soil (0–1 cm) collected in March each year, using a general P-extraction coefficient covering all the soils found at the watersheds studied. For individual soils the P-extraction coefficient was related to the depth of interaction between surface soil and runoff. Particulate P concentration was predicted from the total P content of surface soil collected in March each year, using P-enrichment ratios calculated from sediment discharge. Predictions of mean annual soluble and particulate P concentrations were good over a wide range in concentrations (50–500 and 200–5,100 µg P/liter, respectively), fertilizer and watershed management practices, soil types, and vegetative covers. The results obtained indicate that relationships used in the CREAMS model can provide accurate predictions of mean annual P concentrations.

Key Words: CREAMS • extractable soil P • particulate P • P-enrichment ratio • P-extraction coefficient • sediment discharge • soluble P • water quality models

¹ Contribution of the Department of Agronomy, Oklahoma Agric. Exp. Stn., Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74074. Published with approval of the director as paper no. 4023 of the Journal Series.

² Soil Scientists. The senior author is under a cooperative agreement with USDA-ARS, Durant, Okla., and Okalhoma State University. Agreement no. 58-7B30-8-22. Address: USDA-ARS, P.O. Box 1430, Durant, OK 74701.

Received for publication July 15, 1981.

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