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Storm Sediment Concentrations as Affected by Land Use, Hydrology, and Weather¹

ABSTRACT

A 26-year record of daily suspended load carried by the Maumee River at Waterville, Ohio, was examined to determine any trends as a function of time for the period of record. This work was undertaken because earlier work with a 5-year record of P transport could not determine trends in P loading caused by the abatement of P pollution at an upstream point source. As a result, a question was asked of the length of record required to determine trends. A flow-weighted mean concentration averaged over an event month or year was used to eliminate flow differences. No significant trends in sediment transport were detected despite urbanization in the basin and changes in farm management practices over the period. Hydrology and weather appear to be the major factors affecting the storm average suspended sediment concentration in the Maumee River. The important variables are maximum discharge during the storm, duration of the storm, water temperature, and high wind average for the days since the previous storm. Such traditional variables as raindrop impact and rainfall energy, which influence sheet erosion, do not explain the variation in the suspended sediment concentration at Waterville on the Maumee River.

Key Words: sediment transport • soil loss • rainfall energy • rainfall event analysis

¹ Work reported was part of the Lake Erie Wastewater Management Study, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Buffalo District, 1776 Niagara St., Buffalo, NY 14207.

² Professor, Department of Chemical Engineering, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26505, and Chief, Water Quality Section, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Buffalo District, respectively.

Received for publication January 23, 1981.