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Foliar Uptake and Injury from Saline Aerosol¹

ABSTRACT

Pepper (Capsicum annuum L. cv. California Wonder), soybean (Glycine max L. Merrill cv. Prize), and tomato (Lycopersicon lycopersicum L. Karst. ex Farw. cv. Heinz 1350) plants were exposed to saline aerosols until incremental salt deposition levels of 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, and 0.8 mg Cl^– cm^–2 of horizontal surface area were achieved. Foliar necrosis became evident on the 0.4 mg Cl^– cm^–2 treatments after 3, 7, and 8 days on tomatoes, soybeans, and peppers, respectively, in an environmental chamber that simulated early morning dew between 0100 and 0700 PST. Severity of injury increased with increasing salt deposition and time. Foliar absorption of Na⁺ and Cl^– was linearly related to the amount of salt deposition on leaves. No injury symptoms were apparent on any species at any salt deposition level when relative humidity (RH) was maintained at approximately 70% during the same period. Similar results were obtained in a second experiment where treated tomato, soybean, and pepper plants were compared at treatments of 70 and 100% RH during predawn hours but without dew formation. The injury at 100% RH, however, was not as pronounced as when plants were exposed to dew.

Key Words: pepper • soybean • tomato • sodium chloride • relative humidity • dew

¹ Contribution of the U.S. Salinity Laboratory, USDA-SEA-AR, 4500 Glenwood Dr., Riverside, CA 92501.

² Research Assistant, Supervisory Plant Physiologist, and Plant Physiologist, respectively.

Received for publication September 30, 1980.