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Vegetative Filter Treatment of Livestock Feedlot Runoff¹

ABSTRACT

Four vegetative filters were installed on feedlots in central and northern Illinois. Two configurations were used: channelized flow and overland flow. After settling for partial solids removal, runoff was applied directly to the filters and allowed to flow from the inlet to the outlet section. Results from measurement analyses and sampling of influent, effluent, and surface flow at intermediate points were reported.

Most runoff events were infiltrated completely, resulting in no filter discharge. Runoff from larger events was partially discharged. Filters removed as much as 95% of nutrients and oxygen-demanding materials from the applied runoff on a weight basis, and 80% on a concentration basis. Removal was directly related to flow distance or contact time with the filter. Channelized flow with greater flow depths required greater contact time or flow distance than shallow overland flow to achieve the same level of treatment.

Key Words: nutrients • water quality • land application • pollution

¹ Contribution of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Illinois Inst. for Environ. Qual., The Ill. Agric. Exp. Sta. and the Illinois Beef Industry Coun.

² Assistant Professor, Dep. of Agric. Eng., Univ. of Nebraska, Lincoln; and Associate Professor, Dep. of Agric., Univ. of Illinois, Urbana, respectively.

Received for publication January 13, 1981.