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Disruption of Hardwood Nutrition by Sulfur Dioxide, Nickel, and Copper Air Pollution Near Sudbury, Canada¹

ABSTRACT

Foliage from each of four hardwood species—white birch (Betula papyrifera Marsh.), red oak (Quercus rubra L.), red maple (Acer rubrum L.), and trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.)—growing on sites severely and moderately damaged by fumes and dustfall and on control sites near Sudbury, Ontario, and soil from beneath the trees were sampled and analyzed for various chemical constituents. Results indicated that on sites damaged by fumes and dustfall, soils were impoverished with respect to organic matter content, exchangeable bases (particularly Ca and Mg), and trace elements (particularly Mn and Zn). Levels of S, Fe, Cu, and Ni were also increased. Foliage analysis provided additional support for the proposition that soils contained near toxic to toxic levels of Ni and Cu. If conditions improve, however, with respect to suppression of Ni or Cu supply, tree growth could be limited by the availability of Ca, Mg, or Mn, or even of N or P.

Key Words: phytotoxicity • smelter damage • heavy metal • foliage analysis • soil analysis

¹ Contribution of the Great Lakes Forest Res. Ctr., Canadian Forestry Service, Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario, Canada. P6A 5M7.

² Formerly Post-Doctoral Fellow, Natl. Res. Council of Canada, tenable at the Great Lakes Forest Res. Ctr., present address: Ontario Forest Res. Ctr., Ministry of Natural Resour., Maple, Ontario L0J 1E0; and Research Scientist, Great Lakes Forest Res. Ctr., respectively.

Received for publication June 12, 1980.

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