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Stream Water Quality as Influenced by Land Use Patterns in the Kakioka Basin, Japan¹

ABSTRACT

The effect of land use patterns on stream water quality was studied in the agricultural landscape of the Kakioka Basin, Japan. Stream water was sampled from 52 sites three times in 1979, and the concentration of 10 inorganic ions (NO₃-N, NO₂-N, NH₄-N, PO₄-P, K, Na, Ca, Mg, Cl, and SO₄-S) was analyzed. Land uses (forests, croplands, and settlement areas) in the drainage areas for respective sites were read from land use maps. Partial correlations showed that stream water quality was affected by the fraction of the drainage area in respective land uses. The drainage area had no correlation with the concentration in all ions except PO₄-P. The concentration of NH₄-N, Na, and SO₄-S correlated with the fraction in croplands, and the concentration of NO₃-N, NO₂-N, PO₄-P, K, Ca, Mg, and Cl correlated with the fraction in settlement area. Canonical correlation analysis revealed the first and second canonical correlation coefficients to be highly significant. The first canonical variate indicated the effect of increasing croplands and settlements with the increase of drainage area, and the second variate indicated the different effects of croplands and settlements on the stream water quality.

Key Words: eutrophication • multivariate analysis • pollution

¹ Contribution from the Dep. of Botany, Faculty of Sci., Univ. of Tokyo, Hongo, Tokyo 113, Japan. Research supported by the Grant-in-Aid (no. 403025) from the Ministry of Education, Culture, and Science, Japan.

² Ecologist and Graduate Student, respectively.

Received for publication April 11, 1980.