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The Contribution of Phosphorus Leached from Crop Canopy to Losses in Surface Runoff¹

ABSTRACT

Simulated rainfall (6 cm/hour) was used to leach P from growing cotton (Gossypium hirsutum), sorghum (Sorghum sudanense), and soybean (Glycine max.) plants as a function of soil type and time interval between rainfall events. The relative contribution of plant material and surface soil to the transport of soluble P in surface runoff was estimated. The amount of soluble P in plant leachate, collected before contacting the soil surface, was found to increase with plant age and soil-water stress when changes in leaf area index were accounted for. A period of at least 1 day between rainfall events was needed for P to reaccumulate on the leaf surface. The contribution of soluble P in plant leachate to that transported in surface runoff was estimated as the difference in runoff concentration between planted and bare soil. When plants were subject to a soil P stress, canopy leachate contributed the major proportion (90%) of that transported in surface runoff. With an increase in plant age from 42 to 82 days, the contribution of plant leachate to surface runoff increased from approximately 20–60%. The possible sorption of leached P is discussed along with estimating leaching losses in improving the predictive ability of nutrient models.

Key Words: cotton • sorghum • soybean • soil-water stress

¹ Contribution from the Dep. of Agronomy, Oklahoma Agric. Exp. Stn. Oklahoma State Univ., OK 74074. Published with approval of the Director as paper no. 3780 of the Journal Series. In cooperation with an agreement with Southern Plains Watershed & Water Quality Lab., USDA, SEA, Durant, OK 74701. Agreement no. 58-7B30-8-22.

² Research Soil Chemist, Southern Plains Watershed & Water Quality Lab., USDA-SEA, Durant, Olka.

Received for publication June 9, 1980.

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