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DDT and Toxaphene Movement in Surface Water from Cotton Plots¹

ABSTRACT

When 13.4 kg/ha of DDT were applied to cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) during the 1969 growing season, 2.83% was found in natural runoff between July 11, 1969 and January 5,1970. About 96% of the DDT in runoff was associated with suspended sediment. Of 26.8 kg/ha of toxaphene applied, 0.36% was detected in runoff, and 75% of the toxaphene in runoff was in the sediment fraction. When DDT and toxaphene were applied to the same plot (13.4 and 26.8 kg/ha, respectively, over the season) only 1.03% of the DDT was found in runoff, and the percentage for toxaphene was 0.61. A much greater percentage of DDT and toxaphene remained as soil residues than was found in runoff, but a high percentage of the pesticides applied was not recovered. Residues of DDT in water from a small pond within one experimental watershed ranged from <0.35 ppb before spraying to 13.4 ppb during the spraying season. Toxaphene residues in pond water varied from <1 ppb before spraying to 65 ppb about midseason.

Key Words: runoff • sediment • insecticides

¹ Contribution from the North Carolina State Univ. Agr. Exp. Sta. Published with the approval of the Director of Research as paper no. 3436 of the Journal Series. This research was supported in part by funds provided by the Office of Water Resources Research, Department of the Interior, through the Water Resources Research Inst. of the Univ. of North Carolina as authorized under the Water Resources Research Act of 1964. The technical assistance of Warren Bailey, Wallace Baker, Rick Dixon, Willie Jones, and Phil Threatt is gratefully acknowledged.

² Assistant Professor of Entomology and Professor and Research Associate, Pesticide Residue Research Lab., North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh. 27607.

Received for publication April 2, 1971.